standard deviation a statistical summary of how dispersed the values of a variable are around its mean, calculated as the square root of the variance. an infecting agency or influence. Standard error is computed as the standard deviation of the variable divided by the square root of the sample size. sample, random a sample of persons chosen in such a way that each one has the same (and known) probability of being selected. A nonspecific laboratory test used as a marker of inflammation. The term was first used by Edward Tufte in his book, The Visual Display of Quantitative Information (1983). The speed of administration of a solution in mL/hr. Cookies used to make website functionality more relevant to you. epidemiologic triad the traditional model of infectious disease causation having three components: an external agent, a susceptible host, and an environment that brings the host and agent together so that disease occurs. association the statistical relation between two or more events, characteristics, or other variables. axis one of the dimensions of a graph in a rectangular graph, the x-axis is the horizontal axis, and the y-axis is the vertical axis. transmission, airborne transfer of an agent suspended in the air, considered a type of indirect transmission. decision analysis application of quantitative methods to decision-making. There have been at least 556,201,000 reported infections and 6,776,000 reported deaths caused by the new coronavirus . I want to change some dollars into francs what is the rate of exchange? This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional. Wer auf der Strae oder in ffentlichen Gebuden ohne Mund-Nasen-Schutz erwischt wurde, musste mit . One of the many measures is the closure of schools which concomitantly implied that other innovative strategies to the delivery of subject matter to students while they remain at home be employed in order to . Synonyms contamination, infection, corruption, pollution, taint droplet nuclei the residue of dried droplets of infectious agents that is easily inhaled and exhaled and can remain suspended in air for relatively long periods or be blown over great distances. In this case, logarithmic transformation conversion of nominal or ordinal data to logarithmic data. All content on this website, including dictionary, thesaurus, literature, geography, and other reference data is for informational purposes only. false-positive a positive test result for a person who actually does not have the condition. vehicle an inanimate object that can carry an agent from a reservoir to a susceptible host (e.g., food, water, blood products, and bedding) (see also transmission, indirect). neonatal mortality rate see mortality rate, neonatal. Columns are drawn so that their bases equal the class intervals (i.e., so that columns of adjacent intervals touch), and their heights correspond to the class frequencies. It is a major global health problem. (since rate is 1/time). rate ratio a measure of association that quantifies the relation between an exposure and a health outcome from an epidemiologic study, calculated as the ratio of incidence rates or mortality rates of two groups. I am not an alcoholic and I use to drink only on weekends. 10 other terms for infection rates- words and phrases with similar meaning. chartjunk unnecessary or confusing visual elements in charts, illustrations, or graphs. cause, sufficient a factor or collection of factors whose presence is always followed by the occurrence of a particular health problem. the speed or frequency with which an event or circumstance occurs per unit of time, population, or other standard of comparison. A small short-term loan, with very high interest rates, that the borrower promises to repay on or near the next payday. continuous variable see variable, continuous. variable, continuous a variable that has the potential for having an infinite number of values along a continuum (e.g., height and weight). NHANES The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a representative survey of the civilian, noninstitutionalized US population conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics, designed to (1) estimate the proportion of the US population and designated groups with selected disease and risk factors; (2) monitor trends in selected behaviors, exposures, and diseases; and (3) study the associations among diet, nutrition, and health. latency period the time from exposure to a causal agent to onset of symptoms of a (usually noninfectious) disease (see also incubation period). 1. the amount of a charge or payment with reference to some basis of calculation: a high rate of interest on loans. Rate: An expression of the relative frequency with which an event occurs among a defined population per unit of time, calculated as the number of new cases or deaths during a specified period divided by either person-time or the average (midinterval) population. The terms Prevalence rates and Rate of prevalence might have synonymous (similar) meaning. The rate at which an individual, tissue, or organ grows over time. pathogenicity the ability of an agent to cause disease after infection, measured as the proportion of persons infected by an agent who then experience clinical disease. Often referred to as a skewed distribution; the mean, median, and mode of an asymmetrical distribution are not the same. case, source the case or instance of a patient responsible for transmitting infection to others; the instance of a patient who gives rise to an outbreak or epidemic. The line graph shows there were 37,800 new HIV infections in 2015, 37,900 in 2016, 36,700 in 2017, 36,200 in 2018, and 34,800 in 2019. race/ethnic-specific mortality rate see mortality rate, race/ethnic-specific. Diseases of the cardiovascular system may be diagnosed . epidemic curve a histogram that displays the course of an outbreak or epidemic by plotting the number of cases according to time of onset. We used mRNA display under a reprogrammed genetic code to find a spike-targeting macrocyclic peptide that . infection invasion of the body tissues of a host by an infectious agent, whether or not it causes disease. record in a line listing, each row is a record or observation. representative sample see sample, representative. can be calculated for an infectious disease in an endemic state if homogeneous mixing of the population and a rectangular population distribution (such as that generally found in developed countries), rather than a pyramid, is assumed. graph a visual display of quantitative data arranged on a system of coordinates. ratio the relative size of two quantities, calculated by dividing one quantity by the other. case-patient in a case-control study, a person who has the disease, injury, or other health condition that meets the case definition (see also case). exposure having come into contact with a cause of, or possessing a characteristic that is a determinant of, a particular health problem. A. active immunity see immunity, active.. active surveillance see surveillance, active.. age-adjusted mortality rate see mortality rate, age-adjusted.. agent a factor (e.g., a microorganism or chemical substance) or form of energy whose presence, excessive presence, or in the case of deficiency diseases, relative absence is essential for the occurrence of a disease or other adverse health outcome. Based on this situation, temporary measures such as immigration inspections have been implemented since December 30, 2022 to avoid a sharp increase in the inflow of COVID-19 into Japan, and flexible responses will be taken while monitoring the infection situation in China. Synonym: In assisted reproduction technology, the number of newborn deliveries achieved in every one hundred follicular aspirations, embryo transfers, or stimulated cycles. crude mortality rate see mortality rate, crude. ITS THE MASS DEATH. I don't mean amount of alcohol consumed, but alcohol addiction/dependency. The number of live births per 1000 in the population in a given year. sentences. incidence rates. Common measures of central location are the mean, median, and mode also called the measure of central tendency. people that rate special treatment; an idea that rates attention. Go Above And Beyond With This Prepositions Quiz! frequency polygon a graph of a frequency distribution in which values of the variable are plotted on the horizontal axis, and the number of observations are plotted on the vertical axis. distribution in epidemiology, the frequency and pattern of health-related characteristics and events in a population. Similarly, a person who does not have the disease but who nonetheless fits the case definition, or a patient or outbreak erroneously identified by a surveillance system. portal of entry a pathway into the host that gives an agent access to tissue that will allow it to multiply or act. quarantine the separation of well persons who have been exposed or are suspected to have been exposed to a communicable disease, to monitor for illness and to prevent potential transmission of infection to susceptible persons during the incubation period. In radiology, the speed with which medical images are recorded, usually expressed in images per second. 3. A confirmed case is "a person with laboratory confirmation of COVID-19 infection" as the World Health Organization (WHO) explains. Vad r kursen fr att vxla till ? epidemic period the time span of an outbreak or epidemic. "prevalence rates" and "rate of prevalence" Yes, I agree. measurement scale the complete range of possible values for a measurement. outbreak the occurrence of more cases of disease, injury, or other health condition than expected in a given area or among a specific group of persons during a specific period. Infection. Merriam-Webster.com Thesaurus, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/thesaurus/infection. relative risk a general term for measures of association calculated from the data in a two-by-two table, including risk ratio, rate ratio, and odds ratio (see also risk ratio). In epidemiology, force of infection (denoted ) is the rate at which susceptible individuals acquire an infectious disease. Easily, or capable of being, transmitted to others contagious communicable catching transmittable transmissible spreading infective pestilent transferable pestilential pandemic epidemic epizootic virulent spreadable catchable contaminating conveyable mephitic vitiating catchy pestiferous taking endemic communicative pernicious uncontrollable incidence proportion the fraction of persons with new cases of illness, injury, or other health condition during a specified period, calculated as the number of new cases divided by the size of the population at the start of the study period (see also attack rate). Q. I was wondering the rate at which alcohol induces brain damage. attack rate, secondary a measure of the frequency of new cases of a disease among the contacts of known patients. 2023. census the enumeration of an entire population, usually including details on residence, age, sex, occupation, racial/ethnic group, marital status, birth history, and relationship to the head of household. An endemic disease with a high rate of infection, especially one affecting people of all ages equally. incidence a measure of the frequency with which new cases of illness, injury, or other health condition occurs among a population during a specified period. Used in statistical testing to evaluate the plausibility of the null hypothesis (i.e., whether the observed association or difference plausibly might have occurred by chance). study, experimental a study in which the investigator specifies the type of exposure for each person (clinical trial) or community (community trial) then follows the persons or communities health status to determine the effects of the exposure. They help us to know which pages are the most and least popular and see how visitors move around the site. It is usually expressed in terms of kilocalories per square meter of body surface per hour. The rate at which electromagnetic energy is absorbed by a kilogram of tissue, usually expressed as the heat absorbed by the tissue, or as the power absorbed per unit of mass. Of the multiple ways to define central tendency, the most common are the mean, median, and mode. hypothesis a supposition, arrived at from observation or reflection, that leads to refutable predictions; any conjecture cast in a form that will allow it to be tested and refuted. Usually, the cases are presumed to have a common cause or to be related to one another in some way (see also outbreak). Prostadine can help you maintain a healthy prostate as you age. . chain of infection the progression of an infectious agent that leaves its reservoir or host through a portal of exit, is conveyed by a mode of transmission, and then enters through an appropriate portal of entry to infect a susceptible host. Synonyms for Rates of infection.Retrieved July 10, 2021, from https://www.classicthesaurus.com/rates_of_infection/synonyms Solve Now. Broad-spectrum antivirals are needed to safeguard against emerging variants and future pandemics. Well, at any rate, let me thank you for all you did. pie chart a circular graph of a frequency distribution in which each segment of the pie is proportional in size to the frequency of corresponding category. There was a failure rate of one pupil in ten in the exam. We were delighted, or at any rate satisfied, with the results. infectivity the ability of an infectious agent to cause infection, measured as the proportion of persons exposed to an infectious agent who become infected. Objective Rheumatology patients are at high risk for complications from pneumococcal infections. The postneonatal mortality rate is usually expressed per 1,000 live births. What is the rate of alcoholism in the USA compared to other countries in the world. rate (redirected from infection rate) Also found in: Dictionary, Thesaurus, Legal, Financial, Encyclopedia . These cookies perform functions like remembering presentation options or choices and, in some cases, delivery of web content that based on self-identified area of interests. You want to reject this entry: please give us your comments (bad translation/definition, duplicate entries), English Portuguese translation in context, Free: Learn English, French and other languages, Reverso Documents: translate your documents online, Learn English watching your favourite videos. health information system a combination of health statistics from different sources. droplet spread the direct transmission of an infectious agent by means of the aerosols produced in sneezing, coughing, or talking that travel only a short distance before falling to the ground. We study 5,916 people who have Escherichia urinary tract infection or Peak expiratory flow rate decreased. {\displaystyle \lambda } host factor an intrinsic factor (e.g., age, race/ethnicity, sex, or behaviors) that influences a persons exposure, susceptibility, or response to an agent. These cookies allow us to count visits and traffic sources so we can measure and improve the performance of our site. The percentage of individuals afflicted with an illness who die as a result of it. In statistics, the frequency and pattern of the values or categories of a variable. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. One moose, two moose. Dictionary, Encyclopedia and Thesaurus - The Free Dictionary. bank accounts paying above the average rate of interest. Unit-specific infection control data showed that VRE infections decreased by 70% (n = 33 before and n = 10 after) in a 19-month period after the intervention. The number of deaths in a specified population, usually expressed per 100,000 population over a given period, usually 1 year. Most didn't develop a fever. cohort a well-defined group of persons who have had a common experience or exposure and are then followed up, as in a cohort study or prospective study, to determine the incidence of new diseases or health events. sample a selected subset of a population a sample can be random or nonrandom and representative or nonrepresentative. Energy used is calculated from the amount of oxygen used during the test. mechanical transmission see transmission, mechanical. Manages autoclave and cleaning instruments for Dermatology. environmental factor an extrinsic factor (e.g., geology, climate, insects, sanitation, or health services) that affects an agent and the opportunity for exposure. analytic epidemiology see epidemiology, analytic. Which area in the Western Hemisphere has the highest HIV, The coauthors of the report published in Health Affairs found that hepatitis C, (20) This trial found no significant difference in, In a nationwide Canadian study, (1) researchers aimed to determine repeat HCV, Objective: The objective of this study was to determine if a disposable draping system is superior to reusable draping material in prevention of ICEDIs and hence lowering of the, Consider using non-sterile gloves during minor skin excisions (even those that require sutures) because the, In understanding the transmission dynamics in area-specific malaria epidemiological studies, the determination of Plasmodium sporozoite, A FREE screening service in Coventry has been rolled out by a sexual health charity to slash the HIV. Among countries with both high vaccination rates and high rates of Covid-19 infection, most rely on vaccines made in China, a CNBC analysis shows. scale, nominal a measurement scale consisting of qualitative categories whose values have no inherent statistical order or rank (e.g., categories of race/ethnicity, religion, or country of birth). retrospective study see study, retrospective. reservoir the habitat in which an infectious agent normally lives, grows, and multiplies, which can include humans, animals, or the environment. a high (monthly) accident rate in a factory. There are more than 100 varieties of human papillomavirus (HPV). efficacy the ability of an intervention or program to produce the intended or expected results under ideal conditions. health indicator any of a variety of measures (e.g., mortality rate) that indicate the state of health of a given population. contribucin municipal, impuestos municipales, , . No report of Peak expiratory flow rate decreased is found for people with Escherichia urinary tract infection. If you do not allow these cookies we will not know when you have visited our site, and will not be able to monitor its performance. carrier a person or animal that harbors the infectious agent for a disease and can transmit it to others, but does not demonstrate signs of the disease. . bar chart a visual display in which each category of a variable is represented by a bar or column bar charts are used to illustrate variations in size among categories. .css-1w804bk{font-size:16px;}See how your sentence looks with different synonyms. symmetrical a type of distribution where the shapes to the right and left of the central location are the same. Find out what connects these two synonyms. observational study see study, observational. Synonyms for Infection rates. transmission, indirect transfer of an agent from a reservoir to a host either by being suspended in air particles (airborne), carried by an inanimate objects (vehicleborne), or carried by an animate intermediary (vectorborne). cause-specific mortality rate see mortality rate, cause-specific. rated the film PG13; rated the bonds at junk level. Synonyms for infection rate - infection rate, incidence rate, morbidity and others. Comment le classeriez-vous sur une chelle de un 10? According to the 2018 Healthy Youth Survey, nearly 25% of eighth-graders, 31% of 10th-graders and 31% of 12th-graders reported seeing someone around their age pressure someone else to kiss, touch. agent a factor (e.g., a microorganism or chemical substance) or form of energy whose presence, excessive presence, or in the case of deficiency diseases, relative absence is essential for the occurrence of a disease or other adverse health outcome. mode of transmission the manner in which an agent is transmitted from its reservoir to a susceptible host (see also transmission). The investigator specifies the type of exposure for each study participant and then follows each persons health status to determine the effects of the exposure. 3. a fixed charge per unit of quantity: a rate of 10 cents a pound. Synonyms for Infection Rates (other words and phrases for Infection Rates). contact, direct exposure or transmission of an agent from a source to a susceptible host through touching (e.g., from a human host by kissing, sexual intercourse, or skin-to-skin contact) or from touching an infected animal or contaminated soil or vegetation. [1] Because it takes account of susceptibility it can be used to compare the rate of transmission between different groups of the population for the same infectious disease, or even between different infectious diseases. The number of deaths per year of live-born infants less than 1 year of age divided by the number of live births in the same year. prospective study see study, prospective. Synonyms of infection infection noun Definition of infection as in virus an abnormal state caused by contact with harmful organisms (such as bacteria or viruses) There is a viral infection spreading among the schoolchildren. Goals: To have real experience in implementing Care of Newborn . For the majority of data, the midrange is calculated by adding the smallest observation and the largest observation and dividing by two. Payday lending is an established form of lending in the US and Canada. Hepatitis B is a potentially life-threatening liver infection caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV). attack rate a form of incidence that measures the proportion of persons in a population who experience an acute health event during a limited period (e.g., during an outbreak), calculated as the number of new cases of a health problem during an outbreak divided by the size of the population at the beginning of the period, usually expressed as a percentage or per 1,000 or 100,000 population (see also incidence proportion). Search. The rate of utilization of energy. Cookies used to enable you to share pages and content that you find interesting on CDC.gov through third party social networking and other websites. infection rates. The time it takes for someone with an infection to start showing symptoms. common-source outbreak see outbreak, common-source. See how your sentence looks with different synonyms. birth rate, crude the number of live births during a specified period divided by the mid-period population, usually expressed per 1,000 population. These cookies may also be used for advertising purposes by these third parties. This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional. It can cause chronic infection and puts people at high risk of death from cirrhosis and liver cancer. The denominator is the number of persons with the condition; the numerator is the number of cause-specific deaths among those persons. The comparison group provides an estimate of the background or expected incidence of disease (in a cohort study) or exposure (in a case-control study). Cookies used to track the effectiveness of CDC public health campaigns through clickthrough data. Most HPV infections don't lead to cancer. surveillance, sentinel a surveillance system that uses a prearranged sample of sources (e.g., physicians, hospitals, or clinics) who have agreed to report all cases of one or more notifiable diseases. From Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: The speed or frequency of occurrence of an event, usually expressed with respect to time or some other known standard. An example of a rate is: 1 HAI per 10,000 patient days in Hospital X in 2009. Search infection rate and thousands of other words in English definition and synonym dictionary from Reverso. noun an act or fact of infecting; state of being infected. contagious capable of being transmitted from one person to another by contact or close proximity. source (of infection) the person, animal, object, or substance from which an infectious agent is transmitted to a host. mortality rate, neonatal the mortality rate for children from age birth up to, but not including, 28 days. MRSA infections decreased by 63% (n = 19 before and n = 7 after) in a 19-month period after the intervention. transmission, biologic indirect transmission by a vector in which the infectious agent undergoes biologic changes inside the vector as part of its life cycle before it is transmitted to the host (see also transmission, mechanical). thesaurus. rates of prevalence. It is used as a test of airway obstruction. URI: abbreviation for upper respiratory infection. Track the global spread of coronavirus with maps and updates on cases and deaths around the world. frequency the amount or number of occurrences of an attribute or health outcome among a population. The advantage of this method of calculating Don't be surprised if none of them want the spotl One goose, two geese. The number of stillbirths (in which the gestation period was 28 weeks or more) in the first 7 days of life divided by the number of live births plus stillbirths in the same year. the condition of suffering an infection. crude when referring to a rate, an overall or summary rate for a population, without adjustment. line listing a type of epidemiologic database, organized similar to a spreadsheet with rows and columns in which information from cases or patients are listed each column represents a variable, and each row represents an individual case or patient. Such a calculation is difficult because not all new infections are reported, and it is often difficult to know how many susceptibles were exposed. infection rate. spectrum of illness the range of manifestations a disease process can take (e.g., from asymptomatic to mild clinical illness to severe illness and death). In calculating postneonatal mortality rates, the numerator is the number of deaths among this age group during a given period, and the denominator is the number of live births during the same period.. survival curve a line graph that begins with 100% of the study population and displays the percentage of the population still surviving at successive points in time. crude death rate see mortality rate, crude. confidence interval a range of values for a measure (e.g., rate or odds ratio) constructed so that the range has a specified probability (often, but not necessarily, 95%) of including the true value of the measure. mortality rate, crude a mortality rate from all causes of death for an entire population, without adjustment. Synonyms & Similar Words Relevance virus germ disease epidemic attack contagion contagious disease contagium plague illness This value is usually expressed as deaths per 100,000 live births. Non-sterile gloves are just as effective as sterile gloves in preventing surgical site infection after minor skin surgeries, Detection of Plasmodium falciparum infection in Anopheles stephensi in Punjab, Pakistan, A prospective study to assess risk factors for surgical site infections in a tertiary care center, infantile, generalized GM1 gangliosidosis, Infection Management & Environmental Plan, Infection Prevention & Control Department, Infection Surveillance and Control Program, Infections with a predominantly sexual mode of transmission.

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