If less precision is desired, precede M with a tilde, such as "M ~7" or "magnitude ~6.8.". If the lag time were measured at a location closer to the epicenter, The period of a wave is the time between two adj, How does the period of the P waves compare to t. Use data from seismograms to locate the epicenters of earthquakes. As you may know, people have look numerous times for . Using 3 seismograms the students will be able to triangulate the epicenter of an earthquake. All the arcs should intersect at a common point - the epicenter. Do you agree with this alignment? 12), Evaluate ways that technology can impact individuals, society, and the environment. Earthquakes can also cause tsunamis, which are very large waves that can damage coastlines and put coastal residents in danger. Sixty-seven people lost their lives, and property damage was estimated at $6 billion. A single recording station can only calculate distance, but not direction; to cover all possibilities, a complete circle is drawn around that station. Must engineers be content with mitigating disasters, instead of preventing them? The time The earthquake occurred somewhere along that circle. technology, engineering or math (STEM) educational standards. Lab Lesson 4 - Lab Lesson 4: Earthquakes and Seismology, 0000004224 00000 n What is an earthquake? Key Facts & Information. Type text, add images, blackout confidential details, add comments, highlights and more. Shear wave from earthquake, moving slower than primary waves, through solid material only. Describe the process of triangulation to locate an epicenter. Last modified July 18, 2012. Focus. Virtual Earthquake (tutorial/simulation) 1996. PDF Locating an Epicenter Activity - Arkansas Geological Survey Direct student pairs to independently complete the tutorial/simulation to find an epicenter location via the triangulation method and compute the earthquake magnitude: The simulation directs students to look at three simplified seismograms from seismic stations in Chile (Talca, Santiago, Osorno) and select the correct measurements of the S-P intervals. Also commonly termed the focus. 1,000 miles from the epicenter of an earthquake? distance = travel time for S waves Every earthquake is recorded on numerous seismographs located in different directions. 0000010002 00000 n The arrival of seismic waves will be recognized by an increase in amplitude look for a pattern change as lines get taller and more closely spaced (ex. 0000001143 00000 n One seismogram indicates the distance to the epicenter. 0000007097 00000 n earthquake though). The spot where those three circles intersect is the epicenter (Figure 13.12). Travel-time graphDistance in Miles, Copyright 2023 StudeerSnel B.V., Keizersgracht 424, 1016 GC Amsterdam, KVK: 56829787, BTW: NL852321363B01, seismogram. Develop a solution to a technological problem that has the least negative environmental and social impact. Choose an answer and hit 'next'. Earthquakes and Seismic Waves Key Concepts . www.teachengineering.org/activities/view/csm_findingepicenters_activity1, Search curriculum by Common Core standards, http://www.teachengineering.org/livinglabs/earthquakes/, Click to view other curriculum aligned to this Performance Expectation, Finding Epicenters and Measuring Magnitudes Worksheet, Finding Epicenters and Measuring Magnitudes (docx), Finding Epicenters and Measuring Magnitudes (pdf), Finding Epicenters and Measuring Magnitudes Example Answers (docx), Finding Epicenters and Measuring Magnitudes Example Answers (pdf), Earthquakes Living Lab: FAQs about P Waves, S Waves and More, Seismic Waves: How Earthquakes Move Through the Earth, Earthquakes Living Lab: Designing for Disaster, http://www.teachengineering.org/livinglabs/index.php, https://www.newpathonline.com/api_player/enus_54_6304/LXX/index.html. Focus (aka Hypocenter) is the location in the Earth where the earthquake starts. 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Finding the Epicenter Determine the epicenter distance from three different seismographs. This page titled 13.4: Locating an Earthquake Epicenter is shared under a CC BY-SA license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by Deline, Harris & Tefend (GALILEO Open Learning Materials) . 0000115324 00000 n seismograph: An instrument that measures motions of the ground, including those of seismic waves generated by earthquakes. First locate and mark the three seismic stations on the world map provided below. 100 km 4.1 km/s 24.4 s; Finding the epicenter (continued) data table analyze and conclude answer the following questions on a separate sheet of paper. Activity 4: Locating an Earthquake Epicenter, The three basic types of seismic wave generated by an earthquake at its focus are P, waves, Swaves, and Surface waves. Short for "primary wave" or "pressure wave." The point of origin of an earthquake is called its focus and the point on the Earth's surface directly above the focus is the epicenter. Free K-12 standards-aligned STEM curriculum for educators everywhere. I also will take them through the general process of how find the difference in arrival times of p- and s-waves can be used to find a distance to an earthquake and how using data from 3 seismograph stations is used to locate the epicenter. HS-PS4-1. located 1,000 miles from the ya{I;W@DgMN2:UtbT=*+cY1.8Vm(u3Zt"J @9TAjJH@H_F3n7\Srdw~gAR#JQGj`ueS! At least 3 earthquake recording stations are required to find the location of the earthquake epicenter. Then do the same for the S-wave. Before looking at the Earthquakes Living Lab, have pairs complete the, Then guide the teams to the Earthquakes Living Lab via the living lab website at. Three seismographs are needed. 0000000016 00000 n Some places are more prone to earthquakes than others. To accurately locate an earthquake epicenter, records from three. So the difference in the P- and S-wave arrival times determines the distance between the epicenter and a seismometer. Earthquake Location 2 Using the skills that you acquired in the picking P and S arrivals, you can now locate an earthquake using real seismic records. Swaves arrive at the seismic station after the Pwaves. Today, most seismologists no longer follow Richter's original methodology because it does not give reliable results when applied to stronger earthquakes and it was not designed to use data from earthquakes recorded at epicentral distances greater than ~600 km. Send activity 4 locating an earthquake epicenter worksheet answers via email, link, or fax. m>r/Q[6 Considered best for measuring small earthquakes (3.5 M or less). Introduction: Before student pairs look at the Earthquakes Living Lab, direct them to complete the Engage section of the Finding Epicenters and Measuring Magnitudes Worksheet, which asks them to apply any prior knowledge and/or speculate as to what the Richter magnitude scale is and what an epicenter is. 01. Figure 1 is a simplified example of a How does the period of the P waves compare to the period of the surface waves? Follow this simple guide to edit Locating the epicenter of an earthquake worksheet answer key in PDF format online free of charge: Explore all the advantages of our editor right now! How does the Mad Scientist. After reading about earthquakes, open a new window to an Earthquake Simulator at, Follow the simulation instructions. If you draw a circle on a map around three different seismographs where the radius of each is the distance from that station to the earthquake, the intersection of those three circles is the epicenter. $8.25. In Figure 13.9, there is an example seismogram from a station that includes a minor earthquake. While no one can predict earthquakes, knowing the intensities, frequencies and locations of past earthquakes and fault planes helps us to better anticipate the locations and forces to expect, so we can do our best to prepare our communities and infrastructure to withstand them safely. 0000008088 00000 n Short for "secondary wave" or "shear wave." Zip. Point on Earth's surface directly above an earthquake's focus. ACTIVITY 4.2B Locating an Earthquake Figure 4.5 shows - Chegg 61 0 obj <> endobj xref We also acknowledge previous National Science Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and 1413739. earthquake - shaking and vibration of Earth's surface. Triangulation and Magnitude: Student pairs complete the worksheet, which includes following a tutorial/simulation accessed through the Earthquakes Living Lab. The farther a station is from the inch = 500 km. For example, the western United States has earthquakes more frequently and on a larger scale than the eastern part of the country. [k0 |`2dGXGGGd00A(60P-e = F5n -f$ C 0000000856 00000 n Use of the TeachEngineering digital library and this website constitutes acceptance of our Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. 13.4: Locating an Earthquake Epicenter - Geosciences LibreTexts Apr 8, 2020 One seismogram indicates the distance to the epicenter. Scientists and engineers around the globe gather data through observation and experimentation and use it to describe and understand how the world works. 0000001861 00000 n Locating Earthquake Epicenter Teaching Resources | TPT What was the lag time (in minutes) at this location? Then locate and click the link in the center of the page under the question: "How is an earthquake epicenter located and how is magnitude determined?" 4. Take a few minutes to read the information on the left side of this page for the 2010 earthquake off the coast of central Chile. Specifically, seismographs make recordings (seismograms) of the seismic waves generated from earthquakes, providing engineers and other researchers with data that they use to make predictions about future earthquakes. Thanks for your feedback! xb``d``Id`a`Ab@_ :iWGi>|q` Students also investigate which structural designs are most likely to survive an earthquake. Figure 8. Make arrangements so that each student group has a computer with Internet access. Video Guide / Worksheets and Quizzes for Quizzes and Answer Sheet __ 2. Legal. *The NGSS logo is a registered trademark of WestEd. lag time. 15 Bill Nye - Earthquakes Worksheet Key Earthquakes occur when the big pieces of earth's crust, called plates, move a little. Details. The Richter scale was created in the 1930s to assign a single number to quantify the energy released during earthquakes. What data is used to determine magnitude? Solved ACTIVITY 2B Locating an Earthquake Figure 5 shows - Chegg 0000030504 00000 n Add to FlexBook Textbook. They make a model of a seismographa measuring device that records an earthquake on a seismogram. It is called triangulation because a triangle has three sides, and it takes three seismographs to locate an earthquake. 0000003966 00000 n How does the lag time change as you get farther and The simulation renders three circles on a map and directs students to find the epicenter. Have students click on the Earthquakes Living Lab hyperlink in the top left in the earthquakes section. Then from the same recordings they determine the earthquake's magnitude, an estimate of the amount of energy released during the earthquake. Most of these earthquakes are small tremors that cant be felt by people, but occasionally an earthquake occurs on a large magnitude that causes millions of dollars in property damage and kills hundreds to thousands of people. This is determined by the P-and S-wave arrival times. 0000005081 00000 n (Grades Describe what the "magnitude" of an earthquake is. In this activity, students use an online simulationVirtual Earthquakethat is accessible through the Earthquakes Living Lab interface, to locate the epicenter of an earthquake by making simple measurement on three seismograms, recordings of an earthquake's seismic waves detected by instruments (seismographs) far away from the earthquake. How many minutes elapsed between the arrival of the first P wave and the last measurable (from left to right). Use the graph to answer the questions that follow.

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