>> An official website of the United States government. Interventions aimed at increasing fat metabolism could potentially reduce the symptoms of metabolic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes and may have tremendous clinical relevance. In Dungeon World, is the Bard's Arcane Art subject to the same failure outcomes as other spells? J~q(R2~^*Vw 0XWG jm nQ?|Q=m,-Eq\i>.1+a The fat was introduced into the reactor at the rate `of 100 grams per minute and the water wasv introduced at a rate of 70 grams per minute. Comparing rates of hydrolysis in cyclohexane ring (involving neighbouring group participation), chemistry.stackexchange.com/questions/58888/, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neighbouring_group_participation, http://meskvmcollege.org/upload/study_material/30275.pdf, We've added a "Necessary cookies only" option to the cookie consent popup. Is there any specific conditions for Neighbouring group participation? Zderic TW, Schenk S, Davidson CJ, Byerley LO, Coyle EF. 12.1 Anaerobic Digestion | EGEE 439: Alternative Fuels from Biomass Sources As the speed of the liquid phase is increased, turbulence begins to develop in the liquid phase and becomes increasingly great as the speed increases. Wang R, Ekblom MM, Arvidsson D, Fridolfsson J, Brjesson M, Ekblom . A Human Model of the Effects of an Instant Sheer Weight Loss on Cardiopulmonary Parameters during a Treadmill Run. It depicts the milligrams of potassium hydroxide that are required for the saponification of one gram of fat. ), Adding as a proof that trans reacts faster than cis form during NGP in cyclohexane ring. The interrelationship between physical activity intensity, cardiorespiratory fitness, and executive function in middle-aged adults: An observational study of office workers. National Library of Medicine Allow an answer which refers to removal of water from the environment. @orthocresol We don't need to worry about the ring flip I guess as it will take place automatically. Int J Sports Med. HCOOC3H7 + OH- HCOO- + C3H7OH, Butan-1-ol was converted into butyl propanoate by reaction with an excess of propanoic acid. The water molecule acts as a nucleophile in this reaction. endobj However, because there is some heat loss in the separator, the cyclone separator 21 normally will be operating at a temperature which is below the temperature `of the effluent. How can I cut down on saturated fats? Lyases These catalyze the breakage of bonds without catalysis, e.g. Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience. <> Sodium chloride is added for the precipitation of soaps. 08#9S8wX9~QLKX,N&hz_^7h1GZO>A D4h, sYmCFh8ddw% ^&Rx.LM) Isomerases Hydrolysis ( / hadrlss /; from Ancient Greek hydro- 'water', and lysis 'to unbind') is any chemical reaction in which a molecule of water breaks one or more chemical bonds. Maximal rates of fat oxidation have been shown to be reached at intensities between 59% and 64% of maximum oxygen consumption in trained individuals and between 47% and 52% of maximum oxygen consumption in a large sample of the general population. Moreover, such a procedure often provides means of at least preliminary purification of the reaction products. Calculate the percentage of the fat that had hydrolysed. In such a reaction, the steam could be utilized to remove the heat of the reaction and also to moderate the reaction. Interestingly, the changes in PE content were not due to fatty acid deesterification and the increase in FFA levels resulted from neutral lipid hydrolysis. For example, my process and apparatus can be utilized for 4the stripping and deodorization of animal and vegetable oils. No attempt was made to isolate the glycerine. Then, if desired, the fat can also be preheated in a suitable manner such as by running the molten fat through a coil immersed in hot oil. << However, by the introduction of a gas phase along with the liquid phase, it is possible to perturb the stream lines of the liquid phase at a much lower liquid velocity and to thereby create turbulence in the liquid phase under conditions where there would only be a streamlined flow if the liquid phase were flowing by itself. ;ucC=(}y@ZuI_P&~j8E|y5= To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. 1) Soxhlet Extraction (SOX) For fat extraction, AOAC method 960.39 was employed [ 17 ]. B (i) and (iii) only Also, the concentration of glycerine is relatively high. PMC The reaction in which water molecule is used to break bonds in other molecules is called hydrolysis. One of the reactions they speedup is hydrolysis. LCFA oxidation rate was modelled using a Monod-type equation. A study from Harvard researchers in the March 2018 issue of The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition found that consuming monounsaturated fats, especially from nuts and olive oil, can lower a person's risk of heart disease especially if the healthy fat replaces saturated fat and refined carbs (which can also raise LDL levels). Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. Molecules | Free Full-Text | Lipase Inactivation Kinetics of Tef Flour In chemistry, acid hydrolysis is a process in which a protic acid is used to catalyze the cleavage of a chemical bond via a nucleophile substitution reaction, with the addition of the elements of water (H2 O). concentrations of 1M for all reactants except water which is taken at its characteristic concentration of 55M) the Gibbs free energy of ATP hydrolysis varies from -28 to -34 kJ/mol (i.e. endobj A place where magic is studied and practiced? D 67, Isomers of the ester HCOOCH2CH2CH3, include 210,781 6 Claims. `.l$e=!l$ qSERo9j8,7Ac). Fat hydrolysis in a food model system - Academia.edu Monounsaturated fat is a type of dietary fat. Soaps can be hard or soft depending upon the base that is used for saponification. 4. Careers. The steam phase had a linear velocity of 180,000 feet per hour and the fat phase had a linear velocity of 3500 feet per hour. A simple blood test can reveal whether your triglycerides fall into a healthy range: Normal Less than 150 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL), or less than 1.7 millimoles per liter (mmol/L) Borderline high 150 to 199 mg/dL (1.8 to 2.2 mmol/L) High 200 to 499 mg/dL (2.3 to 5.6 mmol/L) Give one advantage and one disadvantage of recycling objects made from Terylene. 44 i.e. D (iv) alone, Products from the acid hydrolysis of the ester CH3CH2COOCH2CH3 include 13 0 obj /F3 15 0 R The use of high pressure is unnecessary. H2 mh:(1n0LM+So444pbv_2U9JCAd"0m!|~11hP] oi,}wG}!eN:<5>) l}sNzMh-qYQJRIe5bTAcRcRFP:VVG JB 9GH]q4eA!,"fM\Z>kh9KX#Elk' ,L'!5e3~_U(_?'e%0J4*WRN>9d^ND1& }F3bpz!x n Ingestion of carbohydrate in the hours before or on commencement of exercise reduces the rate of fat oxidation significantly compared with fasted conditions, whereas fasting longer than 6 h optimizes fat oxidation. Hydrolysis products of fats. Can triglycerides affect my heart health? - Mayo Clinic - Mayo Clinic Sodium carbonate (solution); Fatty acids hydrolysis Fatty acids. Because the process takes place through a chain reaction, the oxidation reaction has a period when it is relatively slow, before it suddenly speeds up. At a D (in) of 450 microm, fat particles were found to inhibit methane production during the initial 20 h of digestion. ! Digestion - University Of Utah Within two to four hours after eating a meal, roughly 30 percent of the triacylglycerols are converted to diglycerides and . `.l$e=!l$ qSE!7J5X z'izT)va6L&E3yc20n3[*fo9L'CI]`T\4p>AOIj!cJxSy)[F3oRe4F#z@4s. "&"DXh6f8Ie9 &s:*o6Nff 'M;u1 5`cJ(sJ$il With a single pass through the reactor, the hydrolysis was l5 percent `of `the possible hydrolysis which theoretically could occur. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. ^l7"2aAJ!gpK~WvRb2_c3NJ2. `RxP 17N3`9>[J!o*'DAt ):-B1c;n:L$(@nxj")LcBB0303;8jA8VsCq083Z:!F4\6p7 0a 7(4!,AD/ZS=L*x2#p8NU;:>e=s{CW='JlE, t[75C0f;cB#sP*-K,PM-C09 h7%u7%p5H# O;%L> Chemistry Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for scientists, academics, teachers, and students in the field of chemistry. steam) during the violent turbulence which occurs within the confined reaction zones so that odor bodies and smalll amounts of fatty acids are stripped from the oil phase and removed in the effluent vapor (c g. steam) phase with the substantial absence of hydrolysis. Equation propyl methanoate; 1997 Jun;15(3):315-24. doi: 10.1080/026404197367326. Humic acid can form complexes or chelates with trace elements, increase the amount of trace elements moving from roots to leaves or other parts, adjust the ratio and balance of macroelements and . How can I check before my flight that the cloud separation requirements in VFR flight rules are met? 4 0 obj Hydrolysis of Carbohydrates in Cassava Pulp and Tapioca Flour - Ugm Martn-Manjarrs S, Leal-Martn J, Granados C, Mata E, Gil-Agudo , Rodrguez-Gmez I, Ara I. Healthcare (Basel). Insulin Insulin, the main storage hormone in your body, is produced by your pancreas. /Parent 5 0 R The hydrolytic polycondensation reactions and final product can be controlled by adjusting the hydrolysis reaction, which was investigated under a variety of conditions, such as different. % lower cost for recycling than making from scratch; reduces CO2 emissions by not being incinerated; 12 k B T, BNID 101989) depending on the concentration of the cation Mg 2+. /Parent 5 0 R Live steam, equivalent to 30 grams of water per minute, was charged through a steam preheater and heated to a temperature of 200 C. This live steam was contacted to the preheated fat stream as the fat stream entered the reactor. For example, alkyl halides could be produced by hydrolyzation with my process and apparatus. Optimizing fat oxidation through exercise and diet - PubMed This chemical process continues during frozen storage, though more slowly at lower temperature. It affects millions of people worldwide, and the number of diabetes patients is increasing at an alarming rate. Rate of hydrolysis of urea - RSC Education 00:48 Sample preparation01:07 Hydrolysis01:38 Filtration and Rinsing Reference methods in food processing and food quality control provide data . They (antioxidants) react with free radicals; Salicylic acid, C6H4(OH)COOH, reacts with magnesium to produce magnesium salicylate and hydrogen. The reaction approximates a firstorder kinetics model. A 44 PDF GCE Chemistry Question Paper Unit 06X - A2 Externally Marked Practical If the fat does not contain any double bonds, then it is saturated. Examined the influence of cooking method on textural changes and acid uptake of sweet. Stack Exchange network consists of 181 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow, the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers. Fat oxidation rates have been shown to decrease after ingestion of high-fat diets, partly as a result of decreased glycogen stores and partly because of adaptations at the muscle level. Hydrolysis - Wikipedia Deduce the molecular formula of this ester. Based on the reactivity of glycidaldehyde (due to one epoxide and one aldehyde group), Van Duuren et al. Learn more about Stack Overflow the company, and our products. Use the information above to review your answer to 15. The effectiveness of water-soluble antioxidants is limited in preventing direct oxidation within fats, but is valuable in intercepting free radicals that travel through the aqueous parts of foods. Another object of the invention is to provide a process and apparatus of the above character in which the steam can be recirculated and reused without being condensed into liquid water. Conclusion: Total fiber content does not explain the lower post-prandial insulin response to rye bread than to wheat bread, but 9 Hormones That Affect Weight and How to Improve Them - Healthline [p`-j* !pX 4c72Fx:V9 ?20Or"Ap@4hC@)2) In fact, no, this is slightly more complicated. This paper highlights the . The hydrolysis of fat MeSH Prog. A continuous flow of fat at a controlled rate is supplied through a pipe 17 to the T 16 and to the reactor 10. As a result, the fats become tiny droplets and separate from the watery components. The difference between the phonemes /p/ and /b/ in Japanese. fats, oils or starch is unrecognizable in both fraction and extract. Fats break down to long-chain carboxylic (fatty) acids and glycerol. The outlet or efuent end of the reactor 10 is connected to a cyclone separator 21 of a conventional type which separates the vapor phase from the liquid phase. It is a macronutrient that is essential for the growth and repair of living organisms along with carbohydrates and proteins. It is one of the healthy fats, along with polyunsaturated fat. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies Explain your answer. So summing up: $$\ce{rate_3>rate_1>rate_2}$$. D'Alleva M, Vaccari F, Graniero F, Giovanelli N, Floreani M, Fiori F, Marinoni M, Parpinel M, Lazzer S. J Exerc Sci Fit. When such is the case, the steam can be preheated in a suitable device such as by passing the steam through a coil which is immersed in hot oil. molecules is done using the base sodium hydroxide. measurement? B 20 There are four basic phases of anaerobic digestion, which is a synergistic process using anaerobic microorganisms: 1) hydrolysis, 2) acidogenesis, 3) acetogenesis, and 4) methanogenesis. The pulp also . PDF Investigating the Hydrolysis of Fats and Oils - University of York >> Fjellstedt et al. The base potassium hydroxide can also be used for saponification. -If you had trouble with this question, review the following material: Proteins are a macromolecule constructed from amino acids linked in unbranched polymers. However, as hereinafter explained, operating at the higher pressures may not be as desirable for certain purposes as operating at a near atmospheric pressure. Try adding more high-fiber vegetables, such as broccoli and spinach, to. Saponification is the process of hydrolysis of fats in the presence of a base. Hence, an understanding of the factors that increase or decrease fat oxidation is important. Answered: During what phase of CHO digestion do | bartleby A police car is chasing a speeding Porsche 911. The reactor was operated at atmospheric pressure. In a process for the hydrolysis of fats and oil, introducing the fat continuously at a controlled rate as a liquid phase having a linear velocity ranging from 10l to 105 feet per hour into a reaction zone, introducing a gas phase at a continuous controlled rate having a linear velocity ranging from 103 to 105 feet per hour into the reaction zone to contact the liquid phase and to perturb the liquid phase to thereby induce in the liquid phase extreme turbulence and to cause flow of the tliquid and gas phases in the slug and annular regions, and heating the liquid phase in the reaction zone to a temperature to cause relatively rapid hydrolysis of the fat in the liquid phase so that an eiuent containing fatty acids and glycerine is produced. Production of omega 3, 6, and 9 fatty acids from hydrolysis of You can maintain the pH at a constant value by adding acid. There is a relationship between the mass transfer rates and the rate of ow of the liquid and the gas phases in the reactor. Thus, processes which are more dependent upon interfacial areas are preferably operated in the annular region. However, this temperature is substantially above the liquifying temperature for steam, and hence this steam can be readily supplied without condensation to the inlet of the reactor through the pipe 24 where it again can be introduced into the reactor. B (i) and (iii) only The amount of base that is needed for the saponification of a sample of fat is called saponification value. Comparatively speaking, the steam can be superheated to the desired temperature with a relatively small amount of heat. "vkQSTR,XB-'Q Diabetes Type 2 And Alcohol - Klarity Health Library This method can be considered as the industrial method for the preparation of glycerol. 3. However, if desired, an aqueous liquid phase can be utilized in conjunction with a gas phase other than steam such as nitrogen. to cause hydrolysis of the fats to take place during the time that the liquid phase is being perturbed =by the gas -phase to cause at least one of the reaction products to be volatilized in vapor phase, removing the vapor phase and the gas, separating the vapor from the gas, and recirculating the gas through the reaction zone. These unhealthy fats can increase your risk for heart disease and other health problems. endstream In certain cases, however, the flavors can be desirable (as in aged cheeses). The hydrolysis of fat is the reaction of fat with potassium hydroxide to produce soap and glycerol. In biological hydrolysis, the water molecules react with large biomolecules and break them into smaller components. The double bonds of an unsaturated fatty acid can be cleaved by free-radical reactions involving molecular oxygen. Anode Reaction: 2H 2 O O 2 + 4H + + 4e - Cathode Reaction: 4H + + 4e - 2H 2 Alkaline Electrolyzers The greatest turbulence in the liquid phase occurs when the ow is in the slug region and particularly at the boundary between the slug and annular flow regions. When people eat a food containing carbohydrates, the digestive system breaks down the digestible ones into sugar, which enters the blood. (b) Waxes, which yield fatty acids and long-chain alcohols upon hydrolysis. \p+*s]_v;(d^/h)7m$JpSqjEI)3PM4r+{teTUn NH. jSf/U}$%x[n_N/o. 3. %PDF-1.5 Antimicrobial agents can also delay or prevent rancidification by inhibiting the growth of bacteria or other micro-organisms that affect the process.[1]. Fats undergo a variety of reactions. The reactor is continuously heated to continuously supply heat to the liquid and gas phases as indicated in step 31 in FIGURE 2 to maintain the liquid and gas phases at a temperature ranging from 150 to 350 C. so that hydrolysis will occur as indicated in step 32. During what phase of CHO digestion do the products of starch hydrolysis break down further to a monosaccharide? The bond between amino acids is called a peptide bond, and so a polymer of amino acids is called a polypeptide. US3253007A - Process for hydrolysis of fats and oils - Google It is also apparent that my invention provides a new environment of extreme turbulence as a new, unique, low cost method and process for carrying out many chemical reactions. Lipase Little Laptop - UCL - London's Global University Identify those arcade games from a 1983 Brazilian music video, Linear Algebra - Linear transformation question. They are the esters which consist of three units of fatty acids that are linked to glycerol. Why is the metric system recommended globally to the U.S. system of /F1 9 0 R To optimize the hydrolysis of fats and oils with a moist oat bioreactor. A protein extract containing a plant lipase from oleaginous seeds of Pachira aquatica was tested using soybean oil, wastewater from a poultry processing plant, and beef fat particles as substrate. Hydrolysis reaction Figure 4 showed that the amount of free fatty acids (ffa) generated from enzymatic fat hydrolysis reaction was increasing with higher level of moisture content. PDF Cut Down on Saturated Fats - Health It only takes a minute to sign up. (2 marks), anhydride less easily hydrolysed or reaction less violent/exothermic no (corrosive) (HCl) fumes formed or safer or less toxic/ dangerous expense of acid chloride or anhydride cheaper, An ester contains a benzene ring. PDF Provisional Peer-Reviewed Toxicity Values for Glycidaldehyde (CASRN 765 US2383632A 1945-08-28 Process of treating fatty glycerides. There is, therefore, a need for a new and improved process and apparatus for the hydrolysis of fats and oils. Compound A, HCOOCH2CH2CH3, is an ester. Oxidative stability is a measure of oil or fat resistance to oxidation. The percentage yield of ester present was At the present time, there are numerous processes for the hydrolyzing of fats and oils. Rates of hydrolysis in bicyclic and monocyclic compounds. US4629742A - Hydrolysis of fats - Google Patents (iv) butyl methanoate 2236 Acidity of alcohols and basicity of amines, Recovering from a blunder I made while emailing a professor. Fats: Healthy & Unhealthy Fats, Nutrition - Cleveland Clinic Essentially pure distilled grade fatty acids were readily recovered from the fatty acid recovery system. FGURE l is a side elevational diagrammatic view illustrating ap-paratus for carrying out my process. Hydrolysis - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics Dilute Acid Hydrolysis - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics Computation for the lowering of activation energy . Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. Wrap a tape measure around your waist over your belly button. The volatile oxidation products (largely formic acid[14]) are carried by the air current into the measuring vessel, where they are absorbed (dissolve) in the measuring fluid (distilled water). The best answers are voted up and rise to the top, Start here for a quick overview of the site, Detailed answers to any questions you might have, Discuss the workings and policies of this site. The final products depend on conditions: the lipoxygenase article shows that if a hydroperoxide lyase enzyme is present, it can cleave the hydroperoxide to yield short-chain fatty acids and dicarboxylic acids (several of which were first discovered in rancid fats). /Resources << 2004 Dec;287(6):E1195-201. The experiments of hydrolysis reaction. How does acid hydrolysis of a triglyceride work? To study the effect on hydrolysis of diluting the fats with solvents. Name this ester and write an equation for its reaction with aqueous sodium hydroxide. `.l$e=!l$ qSE!7J5X3BN;E 4i^&)! What is a word for the arcane equivalent of a monastery? The effect of glass transition on fat hydrolysis rate in solid as affected . (Don't suck in your stomach !) By creating this turbulence in the liquid phase, a great improvement occurs in the mass transfer rates which makes a correspondingly great improvement in the hydrolysis rate. 10 (d) A student investigated the extent of hydrolysis in an old sample of the fat in part 10(a). In a preferred embodiment, this gaseous phase can be in the form of superheated steam. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. FIGURE 2 is a flow diagram illustrating my process. The relationship between alcohol consumption and diabetes is tenuous. The percentage yield of ethanoic acid was: /F0 6 0 R Due to the presence of double bonds, fats and oils also undergo reactions like hydrogenation and oxidation. Modification of sorghum starch as a function of pullulanase hydrolysis Also, it is possible to reverse the procedure described above and to utilize my process and apparatus to make esters instead of hydrolyzing them. The steam phase was discharged to a second cyclone to recover the fatty acids and glycerine. >> Describe the experimental conditions and the practical method used to ensure that the acid is obtained in a high yield. Eat more vegetables and fiber-filled foods A higher fiber intake is linked to a lower risk of belly fat, Derocha says. Lipase of different microbial sources, plants or animals have different specificity for oils and fats hydrolysis . Epub 2004 Aug 17. Facts about monounsaturated fats - MedlinePlus (v) CH3CH2CH2OH The mass spectrum of this ester shows a molecular ion peak at m/z = 136. When operating at such a pressure, it is desirable to decrease the amount of steam as much as possible to approach the stoichiometric quantity of water so as to obtain as high a percentage of fatty acids and glycerine in the liquid phase as possible and to thereby reduce the cost of separating the fatty acids and glycerine from the Water in the liquid phase. /Resources << /Type /Page Endurance training induces a multitude of adaptations that result in increased fat oxidation. Second, HDLs take cholesterol out of circulation. Negative inductive effect by $\ce{Cl}$ enhances the rate. The steam can be at any desired temperature. (1 mark), The following reaction has been suggested as an alternative method for the production of methanol. (iii) butanoic acid Comparison of Metabolic Characteristics of Physically Active Individuals with Different Training Habits during Incremental Treadmill Test. Zderic TW, Davidson CJ, Schenk S, Byerley LO, Coyle EF. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! D 90, Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics, Hendrick Van Ness, J.M. The enzyme had the best stability at pH 9.0 and showed good stability in the . C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1.C=1C=CC=CC=1OC1=CC=CC=C1, [Zn+2].CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC([O-])=O, ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES, FATTY ACIDS FROM FATS, OILS OR WAXES; CANDLES; FATS, OILS OR FATTY ACIDS BY CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF FATS, OILS, OR FATTY ACIDS OBTAINED THEREFROM, Preparation of fatty acids from fats, fatty oils, or waxes; Refining the fatty acids, Preparation of fatty acids from fats, fatty oils, or waxes; Refining the fatty acids from fats or fatty oils, Preparation of fatty acids from fats, fatty oils, or waxes; Refining the fatty acids from fats or fatty oils by hydrolysis, Crystallization of a fatty component from a feed by the steps of emulsification with a surfactant, cooling by vacuum evaporation and subsequent conventional separation, System and process for production of fatty acids and wax alternatives from triglycerides, Apparatus and method for hydrolyzing biological material, Device for the hydrogenation of vegetable or animal oils or fats, fatty acids, or the like, Continuous countercurrent hydrolysis of fat, Process of splitting glycerides and recovering glycerin, Production of glycerin and distilled fatty acids, Process for contacting solid and liquid phases, Process for production of fatty acids and wax alternatives from triglycerides, Process for the production of dicarboxylic acids, Process for obtaining an organic acid from an organic acid ammonium salt, an organic acid amide, or an alkylamine organic acid complex, Process for hydrolyzing lower aliphatic esters and separation of resulting products, Process for the recovery of high purity diesters of terephthalic or isophthalic acids, Process for the manufacture of vinyl chloride from contaminated 1,2-dichloroethane, Recovery of acrylic acid and/or ethyl acrylate from black acid, Cleavage of diacrylic acid to form acrylic acid, Process for the production of organic esters, Method for producing fatty acid ester and production apparatus, Method and apparatus for recovering caprolactam, Process for producing butanediol or butenediol, Process of preparing purified organic sulphonates, Continuous process for producing adiponitrile, Brassylic acid from ozonolysis of erucic acid, Continuous manufacture of allyl diglycol carbonate.
