That night, the South Vietnamese staged more OPLAN 34A raids. 13. Was the tonkin gulf resolution justified? The events between July 30 and August 10, 1964, are viewed as the tipping point of American involvement in Vietnam. what was true about the gulf of Tonkin incident? - Brainly.com COMUSMACV 291233ZJuly64. The Gulf of Tonkin incident (Vietnamese: S kin Vnh Bc B) was an international confrontation that led to the United States engaging more directly in the Vietnam War.It involved both a proven confrontation on August 2, 1964, carried out by North Vietnamese forces in response to covert operations in the coastal region of the gulf, and a second, claimed confrontation on August 4 . August 5, 2014. Answer. In Hawaii, Pacific Fleet Commander-in-Chief Admiral U. S. Grant Sharp was receiving Captain Herrick's reports by flash message traffic, not voice reports. 3. By the time the destroyers broke off their "counterattack," they had fired 249 5-inch shells, 123 3-inch shells, and four or five depth charges.10, Commander Stockdale was again in the action, this time alone. Please. Quoted in Robert McNamara's In Retrospect, (New York: Vintage, 1996) p. 133. 18. Funny how no one mentions the fact the Gulf Of Tonkin incident, the false flag event that 'justified' the Vietnam war. Hanyok, "Skunks, Bogies, Silent Hounds," p. 46. Documents and tapes released in 2005 and 2006 provided new insights into the 2 August 1964 attack on the USS Maddox (DD-731) by three North Vietnamese patrol torpedo boats (above) and established that there was no follow-up attack against the destroyer, along with the USS Turner Joy (DD-951), on the night of 4 August. Drea, "Tonkin Gulf Reappraisal," p. 5. Several reported torpedoes were probably boats themselves which were observed to make several close passes on MADDOX. Was the Gulf of Tonkin Incident true? We sacrificed two comrades but all the rest are okay. Cover-Up Worse Than Crime: Silence Around Hersh's Bombshell & Ominous Gulf of Tonkin Parallels. 25. In the meantime, as a demonstration of presence and power, The Maddox was joined by the USS Turner Joy. "21, Navy Captain John J. Herrick (left), pictured with Maddox skipper Commander Herbert L. Ogier on board the destroyer, kept his superiors informed during the alleged battle with North Vietnamese PT boats on 4 August. Explanation: President Lyndon Johnson utilized the Gulf of Tonkin occurrence to enlarge the war. No actual visual sightings by MADDOX. Have interviewed witnesses who made positive visual sightings of cockpit lights or similar passing near MADDOX. History, 21.06.2019 19:50. Hanyok, "Skunks, Bogies, Silent Hounds," p. 19. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Served as justification for the assassination of Ngo Diem b. Even though Pierce-Arrow was ordered shortly after the dubious reports of the second attack on the Maddox and Turner Joy, Johnson addressed the nation at 11:30 PM eastern time about the confrontation in the Gulf of Tonkin. What was later discovered were "Tonkin ghosts" (false radar images) and no evidence of the [] What occurred at the Gulf of Tonkin incident? President Johnson acted before all the facts became known, and caused the US to be more involved with Vietnam. For most of the last five decades, it has been assumed that the Tonkin Gulf incident was a deception by Lyndon Johnson to justify war in Vietnam. "29, During comments to reporters on 6 August, Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara lied when he denied knowledge of the nature of the provocative OPLAN 34A raids, which were organized and overseen by his department. The Gulf of Tonkin incident (Vietnamese: S kin Vnh Bc B), also known as the USS Maddox incident, was an international confrontation that led to the United States engaging more directly in the Vietnam War. The Gulf of Tonkin Incident: The Incident that Never Actually - YouTube Prior to the two incidents the U.S. had provided substantial aid to South Vietnam and also had a number of military advisers in South Vietnam. CINCPACFLT 140203ZJuly64. Details of action following present a confusing picture. 8. The event led the U.S. to believe that North Vietnam was targeting its intelligence-gathering mission, and therefore the Turner Joy was sent to reinforce the Maddox. Violent anti-war protests erupted at Kent State and Jackson State College after the news media reported that American troops had invaded Cambodia.. On an audio tape from the Johnson Library declassified in December 2005, he admitted to the President the morning after the attacks that the two events were almost certainly connected: And I think I should also, or we should also at that time, Mr. President, explain this OPLAN 34-A, these covert operations. What was true about the Gulf of Tonkin incident? 12. Inlet of Tonkin episode, complex maritime occasion in the Gulf of Tonkin, off the shore of Vietnam, that was introduced to the U.S. Congress on August 5, 1964, as two unmerited assaults by North Vietnamese torpedo water crafts on the destroyers. (21) This ensures that they carry out that prime directive of all hangers-to render the clothing wrinkled and unfit for wearing in public. Can the omission of evidence by McNamara be forgiven? Gulf of Tonkin Incident, 1964 - GCSE History Combined with recently declassified tapes of phone calls from White House officials involved with the events and previously uncovered facts about Tonkin, these documents provide compelling evidence about the subsequent decisions that led to the full commitment of U.S. armed forces to the Vietnam War. But the reports were false and the president knew it. Which of the following resulted from American commitments to free trade? Analyze the effects of the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution passed under the Lyndon Johnson administration during the Vietnam War, Learn about some key points on the Gulf of Tonkin incident leading to the U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War, 1964, https://www.britannica.com/event/Gulf-of-Tonkin-incident, HistoryNet - Gulf of Tonkin Incident: Reappraisal 40 Years Later, U.S. Department of State - Office of the Historian - U.S. Involvement in the Vietnam War: The Gulf of Tonkin and Escalation, 1964. 384, enacted August 10, 1964, was a joint resolution that the United States Congress passed on August 7, 1964, in response to the Gulf of Tonkin incident . At present cannot even estimate number of boats involved. One of the pilots, Navy Commander James Stockdale, commanding officer of VF-51, recalled that they passed over the unscathed Maddox at 1530, minutes after the 22-minute surface engagement had ended. (19) Immediately after placing a load upon the hanger, however minuscule, the cardboard tube collapses into its natural equilibrium-the classic V-shape. But no declassified information had suggested that McNamara, Johnson, or anyone else in the decision-making process had intentionally misinterpreted the intelligence concerning the 4 August incident. In exchange for Lee's surrender, Grant offered Three days earlier he had told the President that some of the raids had led to the 2 August attack on the Maddox.U.S. Requested by Johnson, the resolution authorized the chief executive to "take all necessary measures to repel any armed attack against the forces of the United States and to prevent further aggression." Opposed Vietnamese independence and supported French attempts to retain its colonial control. Messages declassified in 2005 and recently released tapes from the Lyndon Baines Johnson Library reveal confusion among the leadership in Washington. In addition to the difficult detection conditions, the Maddox's SPS-40 long-range air-search radar and the Turner Joy's SPG-53 fire-control radar were both inoperative.9 That night, Herrick had the two ships move out to sea to give themselves maneuver space in case of attack. The North Vietnamese boats attacked with torpedoes and machine gun fire. Overhead, meanwhile, four F8 Crusaders that the Maddox had called in earlier from the USS Ticonderoga (CVA-14) were rapidly approaching. Subscribe now and never hit a limit. Five months ago that teamworkabout which we still know very littleresulted in the destruction of two pipelines, on orders of President Biden, with international implications yet to be determined. I, Vietnam 1964 (section 278). Naval Forces Southern Command in Mayport Florida. In early 1964, South Vietnam began conducting a covert series of U.S.-backed commando attacks and intelligence-gathering missions along the North Vietnamese coast. Silence Around Hersh's Bombshell & Ominous Gulf of Tonkin Parallels According to Hanyok, "SIGINT information was presented in such a manner as to preclude responsible decision makers in the Johnson Administration from having the complete and objective narrative of events of 04 August 1964."24. Vietnam Veteran News with Mack Payne: Episode 2450 - The Norwegians Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara and President Johnson were both convinced of the reality of the second attack, however, and thus they asked Congress to pass the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution. Why Norway? A myriad of issues confronted the new president, not the least of which was the ongoing crisis in Vietnam. What was true about the gulf of Tonkin incident? The Gulf of Tonkin incident was a brief confrontation between United States and North Vietnamese warships, off the coast of northern Vietnam in August 1964. What was true about the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution? OPEC's embargo of oil exports to the United States in retaliation for American intervention in the Middle East. Stanley Karnow, Vietnam: A History (New York: Penguin Books, 1983) p. 372. McNamara again eluded the question, "They have advanced closer and closer to the 17th parallel, and in some cases, I think they have moved beyond that in an effort to stop the infiltration closer to the point of origin."26. In 1995 Vo Nguyen Giap, who had been North Vietnams military commander during the Vietnam War, acknowledged the August 2 attack on the Maddox but denied that the Vietnamese had launched another attack on August 4, as the Johnson administration had claimed at the time. Moreover, another intercepted report seemed to confirm that the attack had in fact taken place, and thus Herricks caution was not taken seriously. The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution was a joint resolution passed by the United States Congress in 1964 that gave 36th President of the United States, Lyndon B Johnson, the authority to deploy military forces in Southeast Asia without formally declaring war. a spy ring? While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. In fact, the Gulf of Tonkin incident, as it became known, turned out to be a fictitious creation courtesy of the government to escalate war in Vietnam leading to the deaths of tens of thousands of U.S. troops and millions of Vietnamese, fomenting the largest anti-war movement in American history, and tarnishing . CIA Director John McCone answered matter-of-factly, "No, the North Vietnamese are reacting defensively to our attacks on their offshore islands . On the night of August 4, both the Maddox and Turner Joy reported they were under attack. Answers: 2 Show answers Another question on History. Over the next three hours, the two ships repeatedly maneuvered at high speeds to evade perceived enemy boat attacks. He was a decorated war hero from World War II and the Korean War, with a great enough public presence to consider politics if he so chose after his military career. What was true about the Gulf of Tonkin incident? The US has form for this kind of "fabricated" naval incident (see 2 and 3 above) say theorists, referring back to the second Tonkin Gulf incident in which the US is alleged to have faked a naval clash with the North Vietnamese navy. TWE Remembers: The Gulf of Tonkin Incident - Council on Foreign Relations . 16, No. Unlike Captain Herrick, Stockdale had no doubt about what had happened: "We were about to launch a war under false pretenses, in the face of the on-scene military commander's advice to the contrary. He is currently assigned as the Andean Ridge and Southern Cone Desk officer at U.S. The process of Vietnamization involved shifting fighting in the Vietnam War from Americans to the Southern Vietnamese. "22, Almost 90 percent of the SIGINT intercepts that would have provided a conflicting account were kept out of the reports sent to the Pentagon and White House. When his wingman's aircraft developed trouble, Stockdale got permission to launch solo from the Ticonderoga. On further examination, it was found to be referring to the 2 August attacks against the Maddox but had been routinely transmitted in a follow-up report during the second "attack." In August 1964, the United States entered the Vietnam War after reports of an unprovoked attack in the Gulf of Tonkin. A few days after the Tonkin Gulf Resolution was passed, he commented, "Hell, those damn, stupid sailors were just shooting at flying fish. Pierce-Arrow was a limited airstrike on North Vietnamese targets on August 5, 1964. She spent most of the next 42 years working as a copy editor and editor at Encyclopaedia Britannica. What was the primary political issue that Carter used in his presidential campaign? And what about the North Vietnamese battle report that seemed to provide irrefutable confirmation of the attack? Furthermore, the evidence suggests a disturbing and deliberate attempt by Secretary of Defense McNamara to distort the evidence and mislead Congress. . 28. Updates? Suggest complete evaluation before any further action taken.. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. New York, Columbia University Press, 2011. The Gulf of Tonkin Incident, in 1964, was a major turning point in United States military involvement in Vietnam. Robert McNamara, In Retrospect (New York: Vintage, 1996) p. 133. This site requires JavaScript to run correctly. On 3 August, the CIA confirmed that "Hanoi's naval units have displayed increasing sensitivity to U.S. and South Vietnamese naval activity in the Gulf of Tonkin during the past several months." 4

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