Our descriptions of Earths surface must be simpler than reality in order to be tractable. [9] His highly influential work, the Almagest,[26] left no doubt among medieval scholars that Earth is spherical, but they were wrong about its size. Earth Radius by Latitude Calculator Calculates radius and diameter of the Earth for a given latitude. Venus is covered by a thick, rapidly spinning atmosphere, creating a scorched world with temperatures hot enough to melt lead and a surface pressure 90 times that of Earth. (a) Local topography increases the variance, resulting in a surface of profound complexity. Well, the Moon is not always the same distance away from Earth. Record the distance between your location and your partners location. Solution Verified {\displaystyle w^{1}=\varphi } A: . Eratosthenes methods result in a formula that would look like this: 39,350 = 2 x 3.14 x r, or 6,267 kilometers. . This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Sometimes more are aboard the station during a crew handover. Mass (10 24 kg) 5.9722 Volume (10 10 km 3) 108.321 Equatorial radius (km) 6378.137 Polar radius (km) 6356.752 Volumetric mean radius (km) 6371.000 Core radius (km) 3485 Ellipticity (Flattening) 0.003353 Mean density (kg/m 3) 5513 Surface gravity (m/s 2) 9.798 Surface acceleration (m/s 2) 9.780 Escape velocity (km/s) 11.186 GM (x 10 6 km 3 /s 2) wikipedia article on the Juno spacecraft provides an a great overview of this type of process. ] The orbit of Earth ranges from 1.47 to 1.52 x 10 11 meters from the Sun. T In late August of 2003, Mars was at its closest point to Earth in about 60,000 years! (b) Repeat part (a) with the sun in place of the earth. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". Earths circumference is the distance around Earth. The other two are the radii of curvature. The structure of the Earths upper mantle can be derived from seismic waves. {\displaystyle R_{E}} He was the first one to use the word geography and he also had a small-scale notion of the planet that helped him to determine the circumference of the earth. Measure the angle of the shadow of your meter stick when the sun is overhead and the shadow is smallest, often known as local noon (when the sun is exactly north-south in the sky at its highest point). When he's not busy exploring the mysteries of the universe, George enjoys hiking and spending time with his family. How do you find the radius of the Earth using trigonometry? , and because Earth's surface area is an estimated 510 km2, and about 29% of the area is land while the other 71% consists of water. are tangents to the surface. This calculated value became a defining value in 1993. Ans. . Circumference of the Earth in Meters He noticed that the difference in the angle of a shadow in his location at Syene, which is present-day Aswan in Egypt, and that of a shadow in Alexandria was about 7.2 degrees. The following is a partial list of models of Earth's surface, ordered from exact to more approximate: In the case of the geoid and ellipsoids, the fixed distance from any point on the model to the specified center is called "a radius of the Earth" or "the radius of the Earth at that point". What physical measurement / elevation is used to define Earths radius? As such, they are topographical geocentric distances, Rt, which depends not only on latitude. Because these measurements are not done with more sensitive equipment, the radius calculation will be only approximate. Keplers Third law can be used to determine the orbital radius of the planet if the mass of the orbiting star is known (R3=T2Mstar/Msun, the radius is in AU and the period is in earth years). A partial surface of an ellipsoid gets fitted to the region, in which case the center and orientation of the ellipsoid generally do not coincide with the earth's center of mass or axis of rotation. 3.2.2.2Non-directional 4Global radii 4.1Nominal radius 4.2Arithmetic mean radius 4.3Authalic radius 4.4Volumetric radius 4.5Rectifying radius 5Topographical radii 5.1Topographical extremes 5.2Topographical global mean 6Derived quantities: diameter, circumference, arc-length, area, volume 7Published values 8History 9See also 10Notes 11References Have Bugged an area Rock to pay attention In on Earthlings? This value is between 6,378 km, particularly around the equator and about 6,357 km at the poles. {\displaystyle {\frac {\partial r}{\partial \varphi }}} The distance between locations are also part of the total circumference of the Earth. Acceleration due to gravity is a vector, which means it has both a magnitudeand a direction. det Video advice: What is EARTH RADIUS? The value of the radius is completely dependent upon the latitude in the case of an ellipsoid model, and nearly so on the geoid. Example 2. How do you find the radius of the earth from the circumference? The circumference of the Earth can be calculated using the formula, Circumference = 2 R or D, where R is the radius of Earth and D is the diameter. Equatorial radius a (called semi-major axis), and polar radius b (called semi-minor axis); a and eccentricity e; a and flattening f. WGS 84 defines ellipsoid parameters as: Semi-major axis a = 6378137.0 meters. Eratosthenes was born around 276 B.C., which is now Shahhat, Libya. Step 2 of 5. While specific values differ, the concepts in this article generalize to any major planet. Given local and transient influences on surface height, the values defined below are based on a "general purpose" model, refined as globally precisely as possible within 5m (16ft) of reference ellipsoid height, and to within 100m (330ft) of mean sea level (neglecting geoid height). What is the radius of Earth in gravitation? 6 m0. For this calculation, the longitude isn't needed. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. So escape velocity = . First week only $6.99! nasa.gov. Physics, 22. The adolescent protagonists of the sequence, Enrique and Rosa, are Arturos son and , The payout that goes with the Nobel Prize is worth $1.2 million, and its often split two or three ways. It is a common misconception that Terra is the internationally-recognized scientific name of the planet, but in reality Earth does not have an official international name. 6.371 10 6 m . Eratosthenes was born around 276 B.C., which is now Shahhat, Libya. How do you find the radius with mass and gravity? Earth radius at sea level is 6378.137 km (3963.191 mi) at the equator. Using the mathematical formula for calculating the volume of a sphere, it has been estimated that the volume of Earth is roughly 259 billion cubic miles. By 1490, Christopher Colombus believed that traveling 3,000 miles west from the west coast of the Iberian peninsula would let him reach the eastern coasts of Asia. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. The tropical radius of the world (or semi-major axis) is all about 6,378 km (3,963 miles or 3,444 maritime miles), as the polar radius of the world (or semi-minor axis) is all about 6,357 km (3,950 miles or 3,432 maritime miles). p Earth radius Conversion conversion table Earth radius to Meters Conversion Table Meters [ m ] R = earthRadius returns the scalar value 6,371,000, the mean radius of the Earth in meters. Therefore, the distance you use in the equation is the distance between the two orbiting bodies. Drive one of the meter sticks into the ground in your location in a sunny spot. The geoid height variation is under 110m (360ft) on Earth. It is with the values I gave you. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. r = m v 2 F c . In scientific notation, the radius of the earth in meters is equal to 6.37106 meters or approximately 6.4106 meters, and 6378100 or approximately 6370000 in standard form. Definition of radius 1 : a line segment extending from the center of a circle or sphere to the circumference or bounding surface. 2a : the bone on the thumb side of the human forearm also : a corresponding part of vertebrates above fishes. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. , which is different from the precise result by under 1m (4105in) the mean of these two axes. What is the radius of the earth? At the equator, the radius of Earth is 3963 miles (Diameter = 7926 miles). {\displaystyle w^{2}=\lambda ,}. All other parallels of latitude are small circles, each having a radius smaller than that of the earth, i.e. r These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. In this state, it would have approximately the same mass as it has now, but its radius would be equal to the radius of the Earth. The radius of Earth at the equator is 3,963 miles (6,378 kilometers), according to NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland. also corresponds to the radius of (global) mean curvature, obtained by averaging the Gaussian curvature, Around 1690, Isaac Newton and Christiaan Huygens argued that Earth was closer to an oblate spheroid than to a sphere. It was there that he first had the idea to create a resource for physics enthusiasts of all levels to learn about and discuss the latest developments in the field. 0008km (3,958. What does EARTH RADIUS mean? George has always been passionate about physics and its ability to explain the fundamental workings of the universe. r Circumference of Earth is the length or the distance around the Earth. The Earth's meridional radius of curvature at the equator equals the meridian's semi-latus rectum: The Earth's prime-vertical radius of curvature at the equator equals the equatorial radius, N = a. This was due to the coincidence that Mars and Earth lined up with the Sun when the Earth was close to its farthest point from . What is the formula of radius of nucleus? Convert the Earth-Sun distance of 93,000,000 miles into. Asteroids range in size from Vesta - the largest at about 329 miles (530 kilometers) in diameter - to bodies that are less than 33 feet (10 meters) across. Additionally, the bulge at the equator shows slow variations. It is known that the equatorial radius of the earth is R=6371km R = 6371 k m so, convert the unit of radius using the conversion factor. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. Explore Asteroids In Depth Key Science Targets What is velocity of bullet in the barrel? This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. We know that the acceleration due to gravity is equal to 9.8 m/s2, the Gravitational constant (G) is 6.673 1011 Nm2/kg2, the radius of the Earth is 6.37 106 m, and mass cancels out. [2] When we rearrange the equation and plug all the numbers in, we find that the mass of the Earth is 5.96 1024 kg. He noticed that the difference in the angle of a shadow in his location at Syene, which is present-day Aswan in Egypt, and that of a shadow in Alexandria was about 7. For best results, the minimum radius of the geofence should be set between 100 - 150 meters. All Right Reserved. + Earths Equatorial Radius to Meter Conversion Table, How to Convert Earths Equatorial Radius to Meter, Convert Earths Equatorial Radius to Other Length Units. What is the Radius of the Earth? The radius of Earth at the equator is 3,963 miles (6,378 kilometers), according to NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland. The average radius of the earth is 6.38x106 meters. It is 6356. What is the radius of the parallel of latitude? T The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". r January 2023: The Next Full Moon is the Wolf or Ice Moon. Using the curvature of the Earth relative to the parallel light from the sun, we can observe shadows at different locations on the surface of the Earth to find the Earths radius. Earths radius is usually given as 6378137 meters (equatorial radius), its flattening is defined as 1/298.257223 (WGS84), and thus its polar radius is calculated as 6356752 meters.However, the av. R=6370 3. Your email address will not be published. Its the only planet with life. The planet's rotation causes it to bulge at the equator. 2. Hence, the Earth deviates from a perfect sphere by only a third of a percent, which supports the spherical model in most contexts and justifies the term "radius of the Earth". .[10]. Find the volume of Earth in cubic meters. \text{Circumference} = 39,350 \text{\ kilometers}. An arc of 1 radian = the radial distance of the the latitude circle, from. Rotation of a planet causes it to approximate an oblate ellipsoid/spheroid with a bulge at the equator and flattening at the North and South Poles, so that the equatorial radius a is larger than the polar radius b by approximately aq. Since he knew the distance between the locations, he was able to determine the circumference of the earth, and therefore the diameter and radius as well. The following radii are derived from the World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS-84) reference ellipsoid. The earth rotates once every 23 hours, 56 minutes and 4.09053 seconds, called the sidereal period, and its circumference is roughly 40,075 kilometers. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. ( Image credit: Ayhan Altun) There are nearly 8 billion people (opens in new tab) living on Earth today, but our planet wasnt always so crowded. Solving for x reveals the circumference to be. Keplers Third law can be used to determine the orbital radius of the planet if the mass of the orbiting star is known (R3=T2Mstar/Msun, the radius is in AU and the period is in earth years). A sphere being a gross approximation of the spheroid, which itself is an approximation of the geoid, units are given here in kilometers rather than the millimeter resolution appropriate for geodesy. For a perfect sphere without any mountains, the distance d from a transmitting antenna to the horizon or the line of sight, or radio horizon, can be calculated from the Pythagorean theorem (see the picture above):. It has an average density of 5.5 g/cm3. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. A rough, general figure for the Earths mean orbital speed is 30 kilometers per second (km/s), or 18 miles per second (mi/s). When it is measured around the equator, it is40,075 km (approximately, 24,901 miles), whereas, if it measured from the north pole to the south pole it is40,008 km (approximately, 24,860 miles). You need to ask yourself questions and then do problems to answer those questions. (a) To what radius (in meters) would the earth have to be compressed in order for it to become a black holethe escape velocity from its surface equal to the velocity c = 3 \times 10 ^ { 8 } \mathrm { m } / \mathrm { s } c = 3108m/s of light? p Earth's diameter is simply twice Earth's radius; for example, equatorial diameter (2a) and polar diameter (2b). The Bohr model of the atom predicted the radius of the lowest-energy electron orbit. where in the first fundamental form for a surface (Equation (112) in[11]): E, F, and G are elements of the metric tensor: r Solving for x reveals the circumference to be. A How much is a trillion in scientific notation? find the radius of mars. Since the estimate by Eratosthenes, many models have been created. 71% of Earths surface is water. Since pi is an infinite number, the calculations in Step 6 will be more accurate. Examples collapse all Earth Radius in Meters View the mean radius of the Earth using the default units, meters. What is the formula to find radius of Earth? r z d According to NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, Earth's radius at the equator is 3,963 miles (6,378 kilometers). (e) For that Earth 1/q 289, that is near to the measured inverse flattening 1/f 298. about 6,367.445km (3,956.547mi), can also be used. At the poles, = 90o and the length = 110.95 km, nearly. The following radii are derived from the World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS-84) reference ellipsoid. Not all deformations originate within the Earth.

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