Likewise, only slight changes have been seen since 2015 regarding female representation in CPS staff (65% in 2015; 66% in 2019). It considers how these experiences have changed over time and how they contrast to the typical experiences of males. , Data on Prison Population uses the 30 June 2019 snapshot from the Offender management statistics quarterly: January to March 2019. , Standard PSR A standard delivery (adjourned) Pre-Sentence Report is based on a full risk assessment and is suitable for medium and high seriousness cases and/or where a custody is being considered. As with personal crime, a greater proportion of males were victims, than females (3.6% and 1.4%, respectively). Please note that the data for the Open Data for June 2021 has been amended. These figures had also reduced significantly from the previous year (males: 13.8%; females: 7.1%). Throughout this report we refer to sex rather than gender, because the binary classification better reflects how individuals are generally reported or managed through the CJS. Defendants with sex not stated accounted for 10% of all court proceedings in 2019, companies and public bodies accounted for 1%. In 2019, prosecutions by age distribution of males and female defendants was broadly similar, with the majority of defendants concentrated between the ages of 18 and 59. In 2019/20, 27.6% of females aged 16-74 reported being victims of domestic abuse once or more since age 16, double that of males (13.8%)[footnote 17]. A proven reoffence is defined as any offence committed in a one-year follow-up period that leads to a court conviction, caution, reprimand or warning within that year or within a further six-month waiting period to allow the offence to be proven in court. When comparing sentencing outcomes for male and female offenders, a consistently larger proportion of male offenders receive custodial sentences whereas larger proportions of female offenders receive community sentences or a conditional discharge. It has not been possible to accurately replicate the existing methodology and produce robust estimates in time for this release following changes to the way that data are recorded. There are some depressing statistics in this regard: 83% of sole-custody awards go to women. The overall cautioning rate has been gradually decreasing over the last 5 years, from 18% in 2015 to 11% in 2019, and has been consistently lower for females than males, at 7% for females and 11% for males in 2019. In 2019, the most common sentence for this offence was a fine, received by 87% of females sentenced and 90% of males. The custody of children had already been the subject of parliamentary action in 1839. , The custody rate is the proportion of all offenders sentenced to immediate custody, out of all sentencing outcomes. And while a bias against men in child custody cases has been around for decades, let's explain why this is happening from a legal perspective. Youth custody statistics for September 2013 published. Dont worry we wont send you spam or share your email address with anyone. , In this section, children are the standard unit we are describing, even when not explicitly stating so in the text. It should be noted that because children comprise less than 10% of all offenders prosecuted for an indictable offence (where sex and age of the defendant is known), trends should be interpreted with caution. It will take only 2 minutes to fill in. Females in contact with the services more often had suspected alcohol misuse, financial needs, were abuse victims and had mental health needs compared to males. Figure 3.01: Percentage of adults who were victims of personal crime, by type, year ending March 2019. Data mentioned can be found on the page linked. In 2019, females accounted for the highest proportion of Local Authority prosecutions for the first time since 2016. The overall ACSL (where sex is known) has been increasing over the last 5 years, from 16.3 months in 2015 to 19.0 months in 2019. A gender bias argument should not be used by a divorced father unless he has personal experience and can back up that experience with proof. Monthly statistics on the population in custody of children and young people within the secure estate. Figure 3.02: Percentage of adults who were victims of violent crime, by age group, year ending March 2019. . There is no published data available on Fixed Penalty Notices by sex. Overall personal crime rates decreased significantly between 2018/19 and 2019/20. Figure 6.03: Number of Self-harm individuals in prison per 1,000 prisoners by sex, 2015 to 2019. Errors in our statistical systems and processes. Reference will usually be made to children by which we refer to individuals aged 10 to 17 years of age[footnote 80][footnote 81]. This proportions differ from the total prison population, which were 95% and 5% respectively. The report includes demographic and income data about custodial parents, and details child support income for custodial parents living below the poverty level. In 2019, fines were the most common sentence given to both male and female offenders sentenced at all courts, but females typically had less severe sentencing outcomes. And while a bias against men in child custody cases has been around for decades, let's explain why this is happening from a legal perspective. Amongst those receiving cautions, discharges and fines, a greater proportion of young female offenders attained 5 or more GCSEs (or equivalents) graded A* to C, including English and Maths, than the young male group. Some 18 year olds remain in the secure estate for children and young people if they only have a short period of their sentence to serve, to avoid disrupting their regimes. Caution data cannot be split by simple and conditional, and data broken down by sex is not available for cannabis and khat warnings or community resolutions, therefore these will not be included in the totals. The strategy sets out the Government's commitment to a new programme of work for female offenders, which will take some years to deliver, driven by our vision to see: fewer women coming into the criminal justice system and reoffending fewer women in custody, especially on short-term sentences, and a greater Similar falls have been seen in the number of defendants prosecuted over the last 5 years when broken down by sex; the number of prosecutions for male defendants fell by 11% to 904,000 in 2019 and prosecutions for female defendants fell by 12% to 324,000 in 2019. Key Child Custody Statistics 2023 Approximately 29% of child custody decisions are made without mediators or court hearings. Truancy females made up 71% of the 19,600 convictions in 2019, down 2 pp from 2015. Documents fulfilling this requirement have been published since 1992, in the form of statistical information. Males were proportionately more likely to be victims of homicide in public places, notably on the street (males: 30%; females: 6%). Offenders with 1 to 14 previous cautions or convictions. In 2019, 26% of the 1.25 million defendants of known sex that had a completed case were female. Wed like to set additional cookies to understand how you use GOV.UK, remember your settings and improve government services. , Offenders whose sex was unknown were excluded from all analyses in this section, which might lead to very small inconsistencies with other published statistics on offenders. (2020). Some of the proportions presented in this analysis are based on small sample sizes so care should be taken when comparing results for different genders. Dont worry we wont send you spam or share your email address with anyone. , The overall increase in ACSL may be connected to changes in sentencing guidelines see accompanying technical guide for further details. Where we have identified any third party copyright information you will need to obtain permission from the copyright holders concerned. , Statistics used are from the CSEW 2019/20 unless stated otherwise; when differences are not referred to as statistically significant these are either not statistically significantly different, or differences have not been tested. In 2019, the highest level of concordance (excluding suspended sentence orders) for both males and females was in custodial sentences, at 89% for males and 79% for females[footnote 55]. As at June 2019, the female prison population was 3,800 and has decreased 3% over the last 5 years, compared to 78,900 for the male prison population (decreasing 4% over the same time period). Custodial Mothers and Fathers and Their Child Support: 1999 October 2002 In the spring of 2000, an estimated 13.5 million parents had custody of 21.7 million children under 21 years of age whose other parent lived somewhere else. This aligns with the differences in the types of offence males and females were typically prosecuted for, as discussed in Chapter 8: Offence Analysis. Youth custody statistics for October 2013 published. News stories, speeches, letters and notices, Reports, analysis and official statistics, Data, Freedom of Information releases and corporate reports. The study relied solely on electronically available published opinions in child custody cases (n = 4,338). Youth custody report for November 2014 published. Figure 8.01: The proportion of male and female offenders prosecuted for each offence group, England and Wales, 2019. The strategy sets out the Governments commitment to a new programme of work for female offenders, which will take some years to deliver, driven by our vision to see: The strategy aims to take an evidence-based approach to reducing crime and rehabilitating offenders. The main source of referral was the police, accounting for 60% of male and 68% of female young people. , This is not including the 96 victims of the Hillsborough disaster in 2016/17, where 89 were male and 7, female. Once in prison, females generally reported a better experience when: on arrival, on the first night, induction and life on the wing. Youth custody data for December 2016 published. The greater tendency for female first time offenders to be cautioned or convicted for theft aligns with trends for offenders more generally, as discussed in Chapter 4: Police Activity. The processes by which other revisions will be communicated and published. Further information on the methodology and cohort size can be found in the technical guide. Youth custody data for January 2016 published. Figure 7.09: Proportion of young offenders who finished Key Stage 4 in either 2013/14 or 2014/15 who receiving Free School Meals, by gender and disposal category (Source: Table 7.2), Special Educational Needs (SEN)[footnote 104]. For females, this was followed by strangulation, asphyxiation (17%), and, for males, hitting, kicking, etc. (18%). Figure 8.03: Indictable offences with the highest proportion of female convictions, England and Wales, 2019. In 2019, 50% of PNDs were paid in full, and 35% resulted in a fine for late payment. (Office of National Statistics) 1 in 3 children - nearly 4 million in total - live without their father. , Pupils at the end of Key Stage 4 are typically aged 15 and 16. , National liaison and diversion services offence groups are based on those used by the Home Office and are not directly comparable to those used in Criminal Justice Statistics quarterly: December 2019, which are used throughout the majority of this bulletin. , Domestic abuse is made up of partner or family non-physical abuse, threats, force, sexual assault or stalking. A lower proportion of females paid their PNDs in full (47%) compared to males (51%) and had a slightly higher proportion of fines registered (36% compared to 35%). Youth custody report for September 2014 published. April 2017 to March 2018) offender cohort. , Source: GCSE and equivalent attainment by pupil characteristics: 2014 - National and local authority tables: Table 1, Source: GCSE and equivalent results in England: 2014 to 2015 (revised) Characteristics national tables: Table CH1: GCSE and equivalent entries and achievements of pupils and the end of key stage 4 by pupil characteristics. As with PNDs, a larger proportion of female offenders were cautioned for theft offences (19% compared to 10% for males) whereas a larger proportion of male offenders were cautioned for drug offences (27% compared to 13% for females). For example, an offender who had a conviction or caution outside England and Wales and was arrested by a police force in England and Wales would be counted as a first time offender. The conviction ratio has been consistently higher for female offenders over the last 5 years, and was 88% in 2019, compared to 87% for males. The indictable offences with the highest proportion of females among those convicted in 2019 were: Cruelty to or neglect of children females made up 60% of the 427 convictions in 2019, the same proportion as in 2015. This includes those aged under 18 and 18 year olds. Young males receiving less than 12 months in custody were less likely to receive any pass in GCSEs than young females (60% v 67%). The median offence to completion for all individual offence groups is higher for females than males except for violence against the person and theft offences. For more information and statistics on criminal court timeliness please refer to the Criminal Court Statistics (quarterly): January to March 2020 bulletin. The number of arrests has remained stable over the last 3 years following a previously downward trend. Youth custody report for August 2016 published. No causative links can be drawn from these summary statistics, differences observed may indicate areas worth further investigation, but should not be taken as evidence of unequal treatments or as direct effects of sex. Among young males who were dealt with by a suspended sentence, 82% had a record of fixed period exclusion, compared to 59% of young females; a 24 percentage point difference. Over the last 5 years, the number of individual formally dealt with has decreased but the proportions have remained constant. In 2018/19, 671 homicides took place; 64% of victims were male and 36% were female. Similarly, in just over half of all . Following past trends, females were disproportionately affected by all forms of intimate violence, according to CSEW data[footnote 13]. In 2018/19, a total of 85,900[footnote 28] adults engaged with liaison and diversion services, of which just over a fifth (21%) were females which is a higher proportion than those arrested (please see arrests section of this chapter). , Please note that the spacing of the time period displayed does not align with the actual time scale, for example the time between sentenced to custody for 0-1 month is smaller than 6 to 12 months. The difference was greatest amongst those receiving fines, where a greater proportion of young females attained this level (22%) than the young male group (15%). Isn't It Gender Discrimination? Our policy in handling revisions is to be transparent with users about: How and when to expect revisions as part of our standard processes. Figure 5.05: Crime lower legal aid workload by sex and legal aid category, 2019. , Figures refers only to those with known ethnicity; for this group, ethnicity coverage was 72% in 2019. The national divorce rate is 7.6 per 1,000 couples in 2022. , Source: GCSE and equivalent results: 2013 to 2014 (revised) National tables: Table 3a: GCSE and equivalent entries and achievements of pupils at the end of key stage 4 by type of school and gender. Youth custody report for March 2015 published. Figure 5.02: Individuals dealt with formally by the CJS, by sex, 2015 to 2019. This proportion has remained very similar over the last 5-year period. Source: GCSE and equivalent results in England: 2014 to 2015 (revised) Characteristics national tables: Table CH1: GCSE and equivalent entries and achievements of pupils and the end of key stage 4 by pupil characteristics. At 53%, oral fast delivery PSRs[footnote 53] were more common, especially for females (females 60%, males 52%), while standard PSRs[footnote 54], which are given for more serious offences, were much less common and were given proportionally more often to male offenders (4%) compared with female offenders (1%). It covers statistics on arrests and detentions under the Mental Health Act (1983), which are published by the Home Office in the Police Powers and Procedures, England and Wales, year ending 31 March 2020 publication. The relative proportion of male and female victims has remained consistent over the last five years[footnote 20]. Among young females who were dealt with by a community penalty, 90% had a record of persistent absence, compared to 82% of young males; a 9 percentage point difference. 4% of crime higher legal aid clients had an unstated sex. Between 2015 and 2019 the median time from offence to charge increased for both females and males to varying degrees, up 10% and 33% respectively. Court bail includes those remanded on bail at any stage of proceedings at magistrates or Crown Court who were never remanded in custody but who may also have been not remanded at some stage of those proceedings. Prison law comprised less than 1% of the female and 3% of the male workload; both proportions have remained steady in the last 5 years but reflect falling prison population figures. The Authority considers whether the statistics meet the highest standards of Code compliance, including the value they add to public decisions and debate. Figure 5.06: Remand status at magistrates courts, by sex, 2015 to 2019. The data described comes from various sources including the Home Office. , Data for offending history includes both indictable and summary offences - unless otherwise stated. Youth custody report for September 2015 published. Data are presented in terms of calendar and financial years (usually 2019 or 2019/20), reflecting the reporting cycles and data collection of the agencies contributing information for this publication. In 2019, 96% of child custodial sentences were given to male children[footnote 84]. The total prison population as at 30 June 2019[footnote 60] was 82,700. This publication is licensed under the terms of the Open Government Licence v3.0 except where otherwise stated. Ethnic minority groups accounted for a higher proportion of prosecutions against males compared to females.
